The generation of isogenic controls is instrumental in the correction for differences in genetic backgrounds, which appear to be very large among humans. Application of gene editing in hiPSCs enables the introduction or removal of disease-associated variants, gene knockouts, large deletions (>1 kb), or the introduction of cDNAs in a safe harbor (a location in the genome that can be safely targeted without adverse cellular effects and that allows high expression of a transgene) for the generation of disease models and their isogenic controls or for mechanistic studies on gene regulation. The first clinical trials involving gene editing are already ongoing. )-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has become the gene editing platform of choice in many laboratories because of its speed, low costs, and relative high efficiency compared to other gene editing methods such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) or zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs). Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR Research involving hiPSCs is augmented by developments made in the field of gene editing. In addition, the development of improved protocols for the differentiation of hiPSCs into distinct cell types is progressing. Today, improved protocols for the generation and maintenance of hiPSCs have made hiPSC Initial reprogramming protocols were quite inefficient and methods to culture hiPSCs required time-consuming protocols, thus confining hiPSC hiPSCs can now be generated from a wide variety of somatic cells that can be obtained in a relatively easy manner, including skin, blood, urine, hair, and teeth. Human somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has boosted research on stem cells, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.
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